Volume 7 Number 9

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Volume 7 Number 9

September 2017

Editorial

  • Getting involved

    • Public participation in climate change research is reaching new-found heights due to an explosion in the number and diversity of citizen-science projects. These offer distinct opportunities for scientists to encourage education and outreach whilst maximising scientific gain.

Correspondence

Commentaries

  • Improving the use of climate information in decision-making

    • To enable society to better manage the risks and opportunities arising from changes in climate, engagement between the users and the providers of climate information needs to be much more effective and should better link climate information with decision-making.

    Chris D. Hewitt, Roger C. Stone & Andrew B. Tait

  • Solar geoengineering reduces atmospheric carbon burden

    • Solar geoengineering is no substitute for cutting emissions, but could nevertheless help reduce the atmospheric carbon burden. In the extreme, if solar geoengineering were used to hold radiative forcing constant under RCP8.5, the carbon burden may be reduced by ∼100 GTC, equivalent to 12–26% of twenty-first-century emissions at a cost of under US$0.5 per tCO2.

    David W. Keith, Gernot Wagner & Claire L. Zabel

  • Catalysing a political shift from low to negative carbon

    • Policymakers are beginning to understand the scale of carbon dioxide removal that is required to keep global warming “well below 2 °C”. This understanding must now be translated into policies that give business the incentive to research, develop and deploy the required technologies.

    Glen P. Peters & Oliver Geden

  • Climate risks across borders and scales

    • Changing climates are outpacing some components of our food systems. Risk assessments need to account for these rates of change. Assessing risk transmission mechanisms across sectors and international boundaries and coordinating policies across governments are key steps in addressing this challenge.

    Andrew J. Challinor, W. Neil Adger & Tim G. Benton

News and Views

  • Flooding: Prioritizing protection?

    • With climate change, urban development and economic growth, more assets and infrastructures will be exposed to flooding. Now research shows that investments in flood protection are globally beneficial, but have varied levels of benefit locally.
    Pascal Peduzzi

    See also: Letter by Philip J. Ward et al.

Letters

  • Less than 2 °C warming by 2100 unlikely

    • Using a fully statistical approach, the paper shows that the most likely range of cumulative CO2 emissions includes the IPCC’s two middle scenarios but not the extreme ones. Carbon intensity reduction should accelerate to achieve the 1.5 °C warming target.

    Adrian E. Raftery, Alec Zimmer, Dargan M. W. Frierson, Richard Startz & Peiran Liu

  • A global framework for future costs and benefits of river-flood protection in urban areas

    • Managing future flood risk is necessary to minimize costs and achieve maximum benefit from investment. This study presents a framework to assess urban structural protection under climate change and socio-economic development.

    Philip J. Ward, Brenden Jongman, Jeroen C. J. H. Aerts, Paul D. Bates, Wouter J. W. Botzen, + et al.
    See also: News and Views by Pascal Peduzzi

  • Future global mortality from changes in air pollution attributable to climate change

    • The effect of ozone and fine particulate matter on human health is dependent on emissions and climate change. Here the effects of climate change on air pollution mortality are isolated, with increases predicted in all regions except Africa.

    Raquel A. Silva, J. Jason West, Jean-François Lamarque, Drew T. Shindell, William J. Collins, + et al

  • Committed warming inferred from observations

    • Even if fossil-fuel emissions were to cease immediately, continued anthropogenic warming is expected. Here, observation-based estimates indicate there is a 13% risk that committed warming already exceeds the 1.5 K Paris target.

    Thorsten Mauritsen & Robert Pincus

  • Enhanced warming of the subtropical mode water in the North Pacific and North Atlantic

    • Warming of surface ocean waters is well known, but how the subsurface waters are changing is less clear. This study shows that subtropical mode water in the North Atlantic and North Pacific is warming at twice the rate of the surface waters.

    Shusaku Sugimoto, Kimio Hanawa, Tomowo Watanabe, Toshio Suga & Shang-Ping Xie

  • Unexpected changes in community size structure in a natural warming experiment

    • A warmer climate is generally expected to favour smaller organisms and steeper body-mass–abundance scaling through food webs. Results from across a stream temperature gradient now show that this effect can be offset by increasing nutrient supply.

    Eoin J. O’Gorman, Lei Zhao, Doris E. Pichler, Georgina Adams, Nikolai Friberg, + et al.

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